Original Research Paper
financial markets
P. Rostamzadeh; Z. Yadegar
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The stock market of a country can be considered as a network that consists of different sectors which are interconnected. Presently, many researchers try to build different types of networks by focusing on different aspects of the stock market and assessment the connections ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The stock market of a country can be considered as a network that consists of different sectors which are interconnected. Presently, many researchers try to build different types of networks by focusing on different aspects of the stock market and assessment the connections between various parts of the stock markets. One of the most important industries of the stock market is the insurance industry, which in addition to creating security and reducing effective risks, can be effective in increasing the production rate of industries and their profitability. The objective of this research is to assess the circumstances of the insurance industry in the Iranian stock market and its relationship with other industries.METHODS: In this research, a new approach was used to examine the position of the insurance industry in the stock market. In this way, firstly, one of the 36 selected industry networks of the Iranian economy, according to the active industries in the stock market, and based on their weight, in accordance with the 36 input-output table of the Iranian economy (related to the year 2015 which was published in 2019) was determined. In the next step, the correlation network was determined between how the stock market index of these 36 industries corresponded to 243 trading days per year, using the centrality criteria of the insurance industry.FINDINGS: According to the results obtained from the analysis of the first network, the first to third ranks of the insurance industry did not achieve any of the centrality indicators. Based on these results, the telecommunications industry has had the greatest impact on the insurance industry, and the transportation industry has also had the greatest impact on the insurance industry. Based on the results obtained from the second network survey, the insurance industry stock market index, in terms of degree, closeness and special vector, won the first rank and had the highest correlation with the pharmaceutical industry stock market index. CONCLUSION: The insurance industry is not considered a key node in the first network. The reason for that is the very small share of the added value of this industry in the country's gross domestic product. The results of the evaluations carried out of in this research show that telecommunications industry has the greatest impact on the insurance industry due to the creation of an information transmission infrastructure for insurance. The transportation industry's use of various insurance coverages makes the industry take the most influence from the insurance industry. In the second network, the stock market index of the insurance industry is considered as a key node and has the highest correlation with the stock market index of the pharmaceutical industry. This shows that in the period of research, the behavior of the stock market index of these two groups have shown a great similarity to each other. T The results of this research will be usable and useful for both policy makers and shareholders of the insurance industry, The most important application of the results of this research is that policymakers pay more attention to the consequences of mandated policies in a specific and key industry, and to be aware that wrong decisions in one sector can have many consequences for all economic sectors. Therefore, the officials in the regulatory departments, as soon as they see a crisis in a key economic sector, should immediately take appropriate decisions to prevent the spread of the crisis among other industries of the stock market.
Original Research Paper
New Insurance Technologies
A. Aminpour; M. Rabiei
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years, the insurance industry has grown significantly and different companies started working with various services in this field. Since successful marketing is one of the main goals of insurance companies, it is very important to find people who are likely to want ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years, the insurance industry has grown significantly and different companies started working with various services in this field. Since successful marketing is one of the main goals of insurance companies, it is very important to find people who are likely to want to use life insurance services. This achievement can lead to better management of capital and costs. The main objective of this research is to classify the views of life insurance customers of an insurance company based on text mining algorithms, so that this classification can be used as a basis for predicting potential customers in the future. Anticipating this category of customers. In that case, we will be able to adopt a suitable marketing strategy to sell our services.METHODS: In this research, we have analyzed a textual dataset, including life insurance customer’s opinions. Despite the growing volume of this type of data, there are applicable tools for organizing, retrieving and discovering useful knowledge from them. In this regard, this research has been carried out on text processing techniques. These techniques seek useful information from unstructured textual data using pattern recognition and discovery. In this article, the views of customers related to life insurance have been examined as an independent issue. The main goal is to categorize these comments into positive and negative categories based on text mining algorithms. To achieve this objective, for the first time in the insurance industry, four different machine algorithms are used in line with text mining of policyholders' points of view.FINDINGS: According to the techniques used in this research and the obtained results, it can be said that the support vector machine algorithm has the highest prediction accuracy criterion with 73% compared to other algorithms used in this research. At the same time, most of the insurance policyholders have also expressed a positive opinion about the services received, and this means that most of the customers using the mentioned services were satisfied with the company.CONCLUSION: The majority of insured would like to keep this insurance service in their shopping basket in the future. Therefore, company managers can find their potential customers from among these people and plan to sell their services to them. By adopting this type of marketing strategy, managers can reduce the costs of their company and reduce the price of their services by saving marketing costs. It is natural that one of the important goals of any company is to earn more profit, and this will not be possible unless it maintains its customers by offering optimal prices and increases them day by day. Achieving this depends on our cost understanding, price acceptance, consumer satisfaction and strategic marketing actions. By exploiting the results of this research, it is possible to achieve a suitable marketing strategy for determining the price of insurance services. Determining the optimal price of insurance premium is considered a competitive advantage for companies. The price in all industries is subject to the law of supply and demand. Since getting the best price is one of the top priorities of insurance customers, even a small percentage change in premium prices will cause many customers to switch insurers. Therefore, optimal pricing can be very effective in increasing insurance profits.
Original Research Paper
Insurance rights
Sh. Heidarishahbaz; M. Mohebi; Gh. Seifi Zeinab
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective is to criticize the unanimous decision of the Supreme Court of the country No. 806-14/11/1399, which is based on a wrong interpretation of the law and contrary to the basis of the mandatory insurance law (social cooperation), regardless of the lack of fault and ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective is to criticize the unanimous decision of the Supreme Court of the country No. 806-14/11/1399, which is based on a wrong interpretation of the law and contrary to the basis of the mandatory insurance law (social cooperation), regardless of the lack of fault and civil liability of the cause of the accident, The unlicensed driver is barred from receiving damages from the collective sources.METHODS: This article, which is written in an analytical and descriptive way, will answer this question: Is the unanimous decision of the Supreme Court compatible with the basis of the compulsory insurance law of 2016?FINDINGS: In legal works and writings, there are two theories with different effects on the basis of insurer liability in the Compulsory Insurance Law of 2016; The first is the theory that interprets the basis of the insurer's liability on the basis of the insurance contract and its subordinate liability;CONCLUSION: Unity of Procedure No. 806 of the General Assembly of the Supreme Court has been issued according to the contractual basis of the insurer's liability and based on the considered exception of the insurer's contractual liability against the driver without a license. While the mandatory insurance law is not based on contractor's liability, it is based on "social cooperation" and collective compensation. Therefore, the exceptional exclusions provided in Article 15 of the Compulsory Insurance Law, except for contractual liability and unlicensed drivers, are not considered to include the exceptional exclusions provided therein. Recourse to legal losses can be compensated by an unlicensed driver with recyclable amounts, which has no legal basis in terms of deterrence and punitive damages provided by law, because the driver's right to receive damages precedes the cause of the accident in its recovery. In this respect, the conditions of coercive purity are not provided in terms of the unity of time and place and the debtor and the debtor. According to the theory of social cooperation, the unanimous decision No. 806 of the General Assembly of the Supreme Court is against the law and needs to be reviewed according to Article 473 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Despite the fact that based on the law, the arbitration of unity of procedure is in the rule of law and its implementation is necessary for the courts to follow, the judicial procedure can also put the decision of unity of procedure in the correct implementation by interpreting the law in principle. Exerting and enforcing the judgment of unity of procedure and absolute deprivation of unlicensed driver, regardless of the driver's fault and its impact on the car accident is contrary to the objectives of the law and the principles rules and principles governing the 2016 Compulsory Insurance Law. Therefore, any interpretation contrary to the basis of this law and the enactment of by-laws and approvals contrary to it, which leads to the deviation of the law and the issuance of illegal rulings and procedures, is void and invalid Interpreted the lost profit.
Original Research Paper
Economics of finance / insurance
E. Safarzadeh; S. Salarieh
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The insurance industry in every country is one of the most important financial institutions active in the financial markets, especially the capital market. In addition to providing security for economic activities, the industry can play a very important key and decisive role ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The insurance industry in every country is one of the most important financial institutions active in the financial markets, especially the capital market. In addition to providing security for economic activities, the industry can play a very important key and decisive role in the mobility and dynamics of financial markets and the provision of investment funds by providing insurance services. Although this industry leads to an increase in productivity in other economic sectors by smoothing the ways of investment, reducing investment and participating in the investment of technical reserves, but the growth and development of other economic sectors also strengthens and develops the insurance industry. Assessment of the research background shows that most of the research conducted in this field has examined the role of the insurance industry in the country's macroeconomic economics or evaluating the insurance penetration rate in the economy, but comprehensive research on the impact of the insurance industry on economic investment not caried out so far. Therefore, the present study seeks to fill the role and effect of this industry by filling this vacuum. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the insurance industry on investment in the Iranian economy during the period of 1357-99.METHODS: The present research is descriptive, analytical and correlational in terms of methodology and applied research in terms of nature. In order to investigate the impact of the insurance industry on investment in the Iranian economy by documentary method and by referring to the subject literature and research conducted in this field, an experimental model has been specified and by using statistical information collected for research variables for the period 1357-99 from databases (Statistics Center, Central Bank and Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran) At a constant price in 1390, The specified model has been estimated and tested using the method of Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) models and using econometric software Eviews 12. The error correction model (ECM) was used to investigate the short-term dynamics of the estimated model.FINDINGS: The results show that the first interruption of investment has a positive and significant impact on the amount of investment. Also, the share of insurance componies by the final markeet capital has a positive and signification impact on the Amount of Economic Investment. Although the impact of interest rates on investment is negative, it is not statistically significant. But the exchange rate has had a positive and significant impact on the amount of investment. In fact, the impact of the interruptions of this variable on negative investment has been evaluated. The effect of inflation and GDP on the amount of investment in accordance with expectations is theoretical but not statistically significant. The results also showed that the ECM coefficient is statistically significant and is high towards the long-run relationship due to the sign and amount of the adjustment velocity coefficient; So that if the specified and estimated model leaves its long-run equilibrium relationship, it will return to equilibrium after about a period.CONCLUSION: Due to the positive effect of the insurance industry on the country's investment capacity, which takes place through two ways of direct entry into financing and investment activities and indirect operation through the creation of certainty and facilitation of investment activities, the supervisory body and other insurance industry activists are required to improve the role of this industry as an investor and financier, Through increasing the share of life insurance in portfolio of the industry, in order to have more long-term resources at the disposal of the industry. Also, in order to promote the role of the insurance industry in order to create certainty environment and facilitate investment activities, the supervisory body and all the industry activists to launch and promote insurance fields such as commercial credit insurance, bond credit insurance, cash loan credit insurance, debtor's life credit insurance, sickness and accident credit insurance, accounts receivable credit insurance, involuntary unemployment credit insurance, property credit insurance, stock insurance, and bank deposit insurance.
Original Research Paper
Insurance Social Studies
M. Ahmadi; S. Barani
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Service quality and satisfaction of clients and service recipients has always been one of the most important challenges of service oriented organizations. In the healthcare sector, job satisfaction is strongly related to the quality and efficiency of services provided to customers ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Service quality and satisfaction of clients and service recipients has always been one of the most important challenges of service oriented organizations. In the healthcare sector, job satisfaction is strongly related to the quality and efficiency of services provided to customers and contacts, patient satisfaction and reduction of medical costs. Therefore, human resources play a central role in providing quality services. One of the effective factors in job satisfaction is leadership style. Managers can increase the level of job satisfaction of their employees by adopting and applying the appropriate and effective leadership style. In this regard, the current research seeks to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on employee job satisfaction and its results on patient satisfaction with the mediating role of structural empowerment in Iran's health insurance organization.METHODS: This research in terms of purpose; It is an applied research, in terms of the method data collection; It is considered a descriptive research of survey type, and in terms of the method of execution, it is a correlation type and in terms of data type, it is a quantitative type of research. The statistical community of the current research consists of all the managers and experts of the Iran Health Insurance Organization in the number of 213 people, 132 of whom were selected by simple random sampling based on the Krejcie & Morgan table. Also, in the current research, the data collection method was conducted in the field and library, and questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. To measure the transformative leadership variable, using the Bass and Avolio (2004) questionnaire, to measure job satisfaction using the Hackman, & Oldham,(1976) questionnaire, to measure structural empowerment using the Schwinger (2001) questionnaire, and to measure patient satisfaction using the Boumah and colleagues (2017) has been used. Also, formal method was used to determine validity and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability (transformational leadership 0.90, job satisfaction 0.93, structural empowerment 0.81, patient satisfaction 0.86). Finally, in order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling and path analysis were used with the help of Amos software.FINDINGS: The results of this research showed that transformational leadership has a positive and significant consequence, on structural empowerment with a coefficient of 0.41. Also, the positive and significant effect of organization empowerment on the job satisfaction of employees was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.53, and the positive and significant effect of structural empowerment on the euphoria of patients with a coefficient of 0.38, and the positive and significant effect of job satisfaction on the satisfaction of patients with a coefficient of 0.46 was confirmed. . Also, the indirect effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction for specialists and staff development through structural capability and the indirect effect of structural capability on patient satisfaction through job satisfaction were acknowledged.CONCLUSION: Applying the transformational leadership style, by Iran's health insurance directors, in the first phase, will lead to the improvement of organizational empowerment, and finally, job satisfaction in patients and other recipients of services from the organizations. In order to improve the level of service quality and satisfy customers and receive services, the mentioned organizations can be in the style of creative transformation, structural and occupational empowerment of the people present.
Original Research Paper
Loss adjuster in insurance
Y. Ahmadlou; A. Pourebrahimi; J. Tanha; A. Rajabzadeh
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is very difficult and maybe impossible to identify suspicious damage claims in agricultural insurance using traditional methods and using the opinions of experts among a multitude of claims. In the current research, a model for discovering suspicious damage claims in agricultural ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is very difficult and maybe impossible to identify suspicious damage claims in agricultural insurance using traditional methods and using the opinions of experts among a multitude of claims. In the current research, a model for discovering suspicious damage claims in agricultural insurance using data mining techniques has been presented to help the agricultural insurance fund in identifying such claims.METHODS: The research method in the present research is applied in terms of intention and descriptive-post-event in terms of quiddity. One of the applications of data mining is anomaly detection. In the present study, a technique for detecting anomalies in the data using ensemble machine learning models is carride out. To enforcement this method, real data on compensation paid for wheat insurance (irrigated and rainfed) for one year in Khuzestan province was used. Because of differences in the process of determining damages of irrigated and rainfed wheat insurance policies, their anomalies were analyzed separately and a number of suspicious claims were acquired for each.FINDINGS: The analysis of the results showed 5 types of suspicious behavior in claiming damages. The ratio of suspicious claims to the total (percentage of anomalies) was estimated using the histogram of anomalous scores and the opinion of insurance fund experts about 1.5%. Suspicious and unusual cases were examined by experts and the final accuracy of the model in correctly identifying suspicious cases was 72% for irrigated wheat insurance and 68% for dryland wheat insurance.CONCLUSION: Based on the obtianed results, the presented model can be used to detecte suspicious claims in wet and dry wheat insurance policies. Since most of the unusual cases are caused by not providing sufficient documentation, it can be due to the presentation of forging insurance policies or the existence of collusion between the insured, the agent or the assessor. Therefore, more care should be taken in the payment process. The present study was conducted on the product and can be used for other crops as well.
